Wednesday, April 17, 2024

BOOK REVIEW " MANIK & I" : SATYAJIT RAY

                                          

                 ( Ray and  Akira Kurosawa ) 
                      ( Ray and Marlon Brando )
     ,                ( Ray and Ravi Shankar )
 
  ( Ray with Ashok Kumar and Kishore Kumar )
                          ( Ray with Nehru )


BOOK REVIEW ......"MANIK  &  I"

"MANIK &  I" 
( My Life with Satyajit Ray)
Bijoya Ray …Translated by Indrani Majumdar 
Penguin Books
ISBN  13 9780 1434 16258
Pages  624
Price..Rs 699

This book is an  exquisite  and interesting  story on the  inner  life of a master by his  actress cum singer wife Bijoya Dass  Ray.  .A story that everyone wants to know. What was he like to live with?Was he a family man as well?Who were his friends?  What  could be the unknown or the  inner side of this towering genius?

And the book surely is the story   of a filmmaker known  the world over . The story of a  master who won the topmost awards everywhere, from the Bharat Ratna to the Oscar to the prestigious Legion of Honour in addition to top awards at the major film festivals of the world.Despite being closely related, Satyajit-‘Manik’ to his friends and family-and Bijoya fell in love and embarked on a life together years before Ray’s groundbreaking film Pather Panchali was made, and their long, happy married life lasted right until Ray’s death in 1992.

Bijoya Ray was born as Bijoya Das in Patna to Charu Chandra Das, a barrister and Madhuri Devi, younger sister of nationalist leader  Deshbandhu CR Das 's wife Basanti Devi. She was the youngest of four daughters

Bijoya , who pawned her expensive jewellery   to finance Ray's  Pather Pancheli ,  was always the first person to read his scripts and make suggestions . Her comments were ruthless but pertinent  and quite often duly incorporated by the master.The book talks about  Satyajit Ray the man, the husband, the father and, for one short year before his death, the grandfather.She worked in a few films without success or satisfaction. In 1949 she married Satyajit Ray. Their only son Sandip was born in 1953.Despite both of them being in the same profession, Satyajit Ray and Bijoya Ray hardly made public appearances together in front of the media, as they were a classic couple, who preferred to be in each other's company away from the flashes of shutterbugs.
Clearly Bijoya was the intellectual companion that Ray needed, one who shared his love for Western classical music and Hollywood films. Once he started making films she joined him and helped with all the little details which needed a woman’s attention. She not only ran his home but went with him to shop for costumes and accessories. She was a colleague who was always in the background.

Even before becoming a writer, Ray would make Bijoya read all his scripts. He would give her a pencil to make changes if there were any and she would give suggestions. He would either take them or discuss them at great length. In fact, 90% of her suggestions were taken by her husband.

Manik ( Manik Da ) as he was known in intimate and family circles,  comes up as a total family man. Reading ,  drawing sketches ,writing  and listening music . No liking for liquor . And never did he serve liquor to any guest or friend in his house . He loved  good food and Bengali  sweets especially Sandesh .Bijoya also informs us that  her Manik also loved  gambling at Kathmandu’s casinos .

Only two women appear to have influenced Ray  – his mother and his wife. His mother, a remarkable woman who was widowed early in life, played a key role in Ray’s growth. Bijoya, his wife, took over the role so far as Ray’s artistic development was concerned.

Bijoya was his childhood friend .She had a musical bent of mind and   a flair for acting  . She also happened to be his   cousin and accordingly  their  families were initially  reluctant to accept this  marriage proposal. Faced with family frowns, Manik wrote to Bijoya: “You know, I’ll marry no one but you. If that means never getting married, so be it.” 
 Ray  had to go to Mumbai and get  clandestinely  married  .Prithvi Raj Kapoor joined  by  his wife came  to bless the couple. After their secret wedding and intimate reception, Satyajit Ray and Bijoya Ray were married in the eyes of the law. Still, they weren't living together because their family and relatives were unaware of their marriage.
About Manik, Bijoya informs this :-

“What I admire about Manik  is his  simplicity, his honesty, his generosity, his kindness, and above all, his ability to mix with people from all walks of life. He could be at home with everybody.  He did not like being called an intellectual. He was comfortable once you called him  a creative man. He was deeply knowledgeable about Western Classical  Music which he loved, particularly Mozart, and once even thought of making a film on him. Manik  spent long hours listening to opera and classical music on records. “

We also come to know that Ray  could whistle any tune after hearing it once. The master liked to wear embroidered Kurtas and had a special liking for Kashmiri shawls  more particularly Jaamwaar variety.  He hated big parties   and was  scared to change light bulbs or turn on the air-conditioner.He never did any shopping other than buying books and music discs..

Even in his leading ladies, Ray never looked for dolled-up glamour, but for intelligent beauty. Madhabi  Mukherjee, Sharmila Tagore, and in his last three films, Mamata Shankar, best fitted this description.

Bijoya’s accounts of Ray’s long struggles with his health and the situations surrounding his triple by-pass heart surgery in the US are particularly moving .

Bijoya is silent about Ray’s infatuation and finally an  intense affair with  actress Madhabi Mukherjee. Bijoya's  silence about this episode  in the book  is intriguing as once ,she herself had gone to press to speak about it. Confronted by wife,Ray had admitted this affair and finally decided to forget all. .  Revealing would have made  the master more human, and the story is, after all, known.Inspite of this omission , the book makes a great reading .The  English translation from original  Bangla appears to be racy at times but  leaves you spellbound in its overall impact in presenting the story of two sensitive souls .I strongly recommend the book  to every one who wants to know about the great master’s art and personal life.

The book is a treasure trove for ardent Ray fans . They  are sure to  get inside stories, trivias and confirmation of their doubts they  have about Ray and his life. Like why did Rabindranath get Satyajit to attend art classes at Shantiniketan, and many other  untold yet very interesting anecdotes.I end this brief review  with a quote  from Satyajit Ray:-

“ The only solutions  that are ever worth anything are the solutions that people find themselves   ”

( Avtar Mota )


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Monday, April 15, 2024

SANSKRIT AND KASHMIR …II

                                           




                                                                                


                                                     ( A portrait of Anandavardhana )


SANSKRIT AND KASHMIR  …II

( A portrait of Acharya Anandavardhana of Kashmir who gave the Theory of Dhvani in Poetics to the world through his book Dhvanyāloka. He was a court poet of King Avantivarman. Dhvanyāloka has been translated into major languages of the world and lately  into French as well)
 

The credit of presenting a full-fledged picture of the Science of Poetics can be attributed, in a large measure, to Kashmir. Though the fundamentals in Poetics could be traced to works like the Agnipurana and Natya-shastra of Bharata, it is remarkable to note that all aspects of this science are elaborated and discussed in detail by Kashmirian Scholars . Original theories have been suggested and speculations worked out in such a manner that one is tempted to say that the Science of Poetics' in its entirety, is visible only in Kashmir.Even grammatical points which would require attention while discussing the relation between Shabda(word)  and Artha( meaning )  were not lost sight of, though they had no direct connection with the subject. One cannot but be overwhelmed by the fact that almost all the major schools of Indian aesthetics were founded by Kashmiri theoriticians -the Alamkara( adornments or ornamentation ) School by Bhamaha, Riti( style)  School by Vamana, Vaikrokti(deformity ) School by Kuntaka, Dhvani ( sound) School by Anandavardhana and Auchitya( proper placing )  School by Kshemendra.
While  searching  records and manuscripts for my new book ,  I came to know about  Poet Rajanaka  Jaynayaka Bhatta , the writer of Prithvirajvijay. He was  a Kashmiri   who  came to Ajmer by obtaining the asylum in the court of Prithviraj Chauhan .Rajanka  Jaynayaka wrote a historical poem titled Prithvirajvijay, where the victory of Prithviraj Chauhan over Muhammad Ghori in the first Battle of Tarain (1191) was celebrated. Jayanayaka portrays Prithviraj Chauhan  as Sri Rama and his wife as Sita. 

( Avtar Mota )


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Saturday, April 13, 2024

SANSKRIT AND KASHMIR..I

                                           


















( Abhinavgupta and his followers ..
A painting by Claudia Dose) 

SANSKRIT  AND KASHMIR 

Apart from Abinavgupta , Khemraja, Kumarjeeva, Dandin( not to be confused with scholar of same name from South India) ,Panini, Charaka, Damodargupta,Somadeva Vasugupta ,Kalhana, Bilhana, Rilhana,Ruyyaka, Manakhaka, Shivswamin, Lollata, Jonaraja, Srivara,  Kshemendra , Vamana, Bhahma ,Rajashekhra,Prakasendra, Shamboonatha, Jayanta Bhatta,  Anandvardhana, and many more known names, I have counted 700 plus Sanskrit Scholars from Kashmir till Lohara period who have enriched the literature of Sanskrit the world over. They were poets ,translators,scholars of Buddhism, rhetoricians,,aestheticians, Shaiv-Darshana scholars,philosophers, astrologers ,  commentators , grammarians and logicians . Even if many original works have been lost, there are too many   references to the lost works in many available Sanskrit manuscripts some of which have been digitalised by American and European Universities. I saw this upon my visit to Princeton and some more Universities in the US. I am told about this digitalisation in some Australian universities as well.

Sanskrit poetry was a pan-Indian phenomenon. Kashmir occupies a pivotal position in this pan-Indian phenomenon. The Kashmirian poets have left practically no facet of life, outside the ambit of their writing.

 I am of a firm opinion that if the contribution of  Kashmiris to the Sanskrit literature of India is removed,we shall be removing more than 50% of the Sanskrit  literature from the world. Most of the Hindu Kings from  Karkota, Utpala and Lohara dynasties were either lovers of fine arts or poets. Avantivarman , a poet himself ,  had about 70 Sanskrit scholars in his court some of whom were poets.

( Avtar Mota )

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Sunday, April 7, 2024

TULIP GARDEN OF SRINAGAR OPENS FOR PUBLIC

                                              

 TULIP GARDEN  OF SRINAGAR  OPENS FOR PUBLIC

Yesterday, a friend told me that he was inside the Tulip Garden of Kashmir that opened for public on 23rd March ,2024.It looked elegant especially with a pleasant breeze arising  from the  Dal Lake that wafted through the garden .I felt pensive. 

"Ha wava imhai dimhai graava havaal tai
Dariyaav chaane chamhai aab e zulaal tai

 ( Samad Mir..Sufi poet from Kashmir )

(O breeze,  how I  wish to 
see you and put forth my grievances  , 
one and all.
In your river like magnanimity ,
I too would sip
 some sweet water, 
some nectar.)

( Avtar Mota )


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Sunday, March 31, 2024

RADHIKA BY ABDUR REHMAN CHUGTAI

                                   


RADHIKA .......By Abdur Rehman Chugtai..

.A friend has sent this wonderful painting of Abdur Rehman Chugtai titled " Radhika"  to me  just now. He has asked me to write something for this work. I just wrote two lines for this  work of Chugtai . This painting bears  ample influence of Bengal School. My lines are :-

"Deep jalein na nainan ke
dehri hai andhkaar, 
Murlidhar kab aavange
 jyotirmai hon dwaar....."

(The lamps within my eyes no more give light,
Darkness has enveloped the doorways.
When shall Murlidhar ( Sri Krishna ) come this way
And make every entrance floodlit?)




( Avtar Mota )

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Friday, March 29, 2024

VEER CHHATRASAL , THE WARRIOR FROM BUNDELKHAND


                                        

( A painting showing Bajirao and Mastani)

                                                             ( Portrait of Mastani ) 
                                                         (  Chhatrasal  on his horse )
                                                            ( Statue of Chhatrasal )
                                                                   ( Chhatrasal on horse )
                                                       ( Chhatrasal meeting Shivaji ) 

    

VEER CHHATRASAL , THE WARRIOR  FROM BUNDELKHAND  WHO FOUGHT  THE MUGHALS   ALL  ALONG HIS LIFE

"Bundele harbolon ke munh hum ne suni kahaani thi


Khoob Ladi mardaani woh tau jhansi vaali Rani thi."

These are lines from  the most popular poem written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan on Rani Lakshmibai of  Jhansi , the warrior queen from Bundelkhand . Bundelkhand is known for its colourful culture, rich history, beautiful landscapes and breathtaking architecture. This area is enriched by various Bundela and Chandela period attractions like  the temples of Khajuraho, the fort and temples of Orchha, Panna National Park , etc.

It is pertinent to mention that  before Bundela Rajputs, Chandelas ruled much of the Bundelkhand region of Central India for approximately 500 years between the 9th and the 13th centuries AD. The capital city of Chandelas was Khajuraho which was later changed to Mahoba. Kalinjar was their important fort.The Chandellas built the most famous Kandariya Mahadeva Temple in 1050 AD. and a number of beautiful temples at Khajuraho.The Chandel dynasty is famous in Indian history for Maharaja Rao Vidyadhara, who repulsed the attacks of Mahmud of Ghazni.Paramardi the last independent Chandella ruler was defeated by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1203 A.D.

The Bundela dynasty emerged from the 11th century Kshatriya Rajput King Pancham, who laid the foundation of the Bundela Kingdom. Being ruled by the Bundela kings, this land came to be known as  ‘Bundelkhand’ , a vast area surrounded by rivers like Yamuna, Betwa, Chambal, Tons, Ken, Kilkila, Dhasan, Sone Kunwari, Pahuj, and Narmada.Before the advent of British colonial rule in India, the region of Bundelkhand also included several princely states .  Veer Chhatrasal  belonged to Bundela clan of Kshatriya Rajputs .

Veer Chhatrasal was born at Kachar Kachnai in Tikamgarh in a Rajput family on 4 May 1649, to Champat Rai and Sarandha. He was a descendant of Rudra Pratap Singh of Orchha.Rudra Pratap Singh Bundela  ( r 1501-1531 ) was the founder and first Raja of the kingdom that became the princely state of Orchha, India, during the Lodhi dynasty . He built the fort at what is now the town of Orchha on the banks of the river Betwa .

Veer Chhatrasal's father was a Bundela chieftain who rebelled against Aurangzeb, who had him executed in 1661CE.Young Veer Chhatrasal requested the legendary guerrilla warrior Shivaji to employ him, but was advised to return to his homeland and fight for its independence from Mughals. Chhatrasal listened to Chhatrapati Shivaji’s advice and returned to Bundelkhand. There, he set up a camp in the jungles of Panna and raised a small army with which he launched an attack on Mughal forts in the region. His bravery made him famous — at the age of 22, once  he defeated an entire troop of Mughal soldiers with a team of just five horsemen and 25 infantry soldiers. Soon  his kingdom extended from Panna in the east and Gwalior on the west.In the years that followed, Chhatrasal never stopped fighting against the presence of Mughals in Bundelkhand.In  1700, Aurangzeb made a series of attempts to subdue  Veer  Chhatrasal known as Maharaja Chhatrasal by that time  but was defeated every time.

In fact, in 1730, the Mughals sent their famous Pathan warrior Muhammad Khan Bangash to Bundelkhand. Though Chhatrasal was aged now, he won a final victory over the Mughals with help from Peshwa Baji Rao I.As a sign of appreciation and respect for the Peshwa, Chhatrasal gave his beautiful daughter Mastani as  bride to Baji Rao I.

Maharaja Chhatrasal is the only king in the history of the world who, even after sitting in power, wrote poetry to boost public awareness and morale of the Hindu kings to uproot the invaders .In Bundelkhand, he is well-known as the ”master of sword and pen" (Kalam aur Talwaar ke Dhani) .  Maharaja Chhatrasal is considered  synonymous with Bundelkhand as the leader of the culture and prosperity of the region. Many villages, towns, cities, and places are still glorifying the great character of Maharaja Chhatrasal within and even outside the Bundelkhand. Today, his bravery is remembered in the names of several roads, colleges and even a prominent stadium known for wrestling, Chhatrasal Stadium in North Delhi.The Bundeli people still remember him in folk songs:-

" Maharaja adhipati bhaye, maharaja chhatrasal ..
Rajan mein raja bhaye, asuran kere kaal."

The great Temple of Keshava Rai ( also known as Sri Krishna Janam Bhoomi Temple )  at Mathura was rebuilt by Bir Singh Deo Bundela during Jahangir’s time at a cost of thirty-three lakhs of rupees after being repeatedly plundered and destroyed by invaders . It was one of the most magnificent temples ever built in India and enjoyed veneration of the Hindus throughout the land. Prince Dara Shikoh, who was looked upon by the masses as the future Emperor, had presented a carved stone railing to the temple which was installed in front of the deity at some distance; the devotees stood outside this railing to have ‘darshan’ of Keshava Rai. The railing was removed on Auranzeb’s orders in October 1666.The temple of Keshava Rai was demolished in the month of Ramzan, 1080 A.H. (13th January – 11th February 1670) by Aurangzeb’s order.He built a mosque over the existing temple's  plinth .

Mastani and Maharaja Chhatrasal Bundela  were followers of the Pranami Sampradaya  ,  a Hindu sect based on the  Bhakti /worship of Sri Krishna. Her mother was a Shia Muslim from Iran  ,  a follower of Islam. Mastani died in 1740, shortly after Bajirao's death. Her cause of death is unknown. According to some,  she died of a shock after knowing about  her husband's death. But, many believe that she committed suicide after she heard of Bajirao's death . Mastani was buried in the village of Pabal. Her grave is called both Mastani's  Samadhi and Mastani's Mazaar.

Despite being a lifetime freedom warrior, Chhatrasal was a greatly respected leader, a protector of art, culture, and religion, and an inspirational poet. Chhatrasal is the only known Hindu Maharaja who demonstrated love for the entire humanity through his actions. He proved himself to be a unique humanitarian Hindu Maharaja of medieval India.A patron of art and  literature, his court had several noted poets like Kavi Bhushan, Lal Kavi, Bakhshi Hansaraj, etc.

Dr Shashi Shekhar Toshakhani informs this:-

" It is said that when Shivaji’s famous court poet Bhushan went to Orchha, capital of Chhatrasal’s kingdom, Chhatrasal himself came out to receive him and offered to carry his litter (पालकी) on his own shoulders. Feeling that this was the height of courtesy, Bhushan jumped out of the litter and uttered : “Shivaa ko saraahaun ki saraahaun Chhatrasal ko!” (शिवा को सराहौं कि सराहौं छत्रसाल को”)— Shall I admire Shivaji or shall I admire Chhatrasal ?"

Prominent people from Bundelkhand include Acharya Rajneesh, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Tantiya Tope, Vrindavan Lal Verma,Dhyan  hand ( hockey wizard) ,Indeevar ( film lyricist), Maithili Sharan Gupt( national poet) ,Phoolan Devi ( bandit queen) , Uma Bharati( politician), Subodh Khandekar( Olympic hockey player),Pankaj Mishra ( novelist ) ,Harishankar Parsai( writer) ,Joy Mukherjee ( actor) ,Shashadhar Mukherjee( film producer ),Raja Bundela( actor politician) ,Dr Hari Singh Gaur( member constitution drafting committee) and many more.

Alas! Chhatrasal  finds little space in our history books.

( Avtar Mota )

 

 

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Wednesday, March 27, 2024

NEW VISITORS ON ROADS

           

                                   


NEW VISITORS  SEEN  ON  ROADS..


I add some lines written by me  on these new guests seen on roads:-


Shaayad hamein nikaal kar pachhta rahe hain aap,
Sadkon pe iss khayaal se phir  aa gaye hain hum....
Ilm o adab ho media ho ya ho siyasat
Aaye nahin hain  ab ke to bus chha gaye hain hum..
Denchoon hamaara raag dulati hamaara vaar,
Har khet  ki jo  ghaas thi vo kha gaye hain hum..

Mazhab ho ya ho  socialism  ya ho  Dharam Gyan ,
Har ikk vishay  pe duniya ko ulljha gaye hain hum.

(Avtar Mota)


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CHINAR SHADE by Autarmota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.
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